Vitamin D Deficiency Symptoms

Which of the following carries messages to parts of the body?
A. Targets
B. Sensors
C. Hormones
D. Organs

3. What is the simplest level of organization in the body?
A. Tissue
B. Cell
C. Organ
D. Organ system

4. When organ systems work together, they form another level of organization called
A. organisms.
B. tissues.
C. cells.
D. organs.

5. The process of maintaining a steady body temperature is
A. feedback.
B. differentiation.
C. determination.
D. thermoregulation.

6. Which part of a negative feedback loop detects changing conditions?
A. Target
B. Sensor
C. Control center
D. Organ

7. Which arrows in Fig. 28.2 show a return to normal conditions after a negative feedback loop has been activated?

A. From target responds to set point
B. From set point to decrease noted by sensors
C. From control sends message to target to target responds
D. From set point to increase noted by sensors

8. You inhale and hold your breath. The negative feedback loop that controls breathing keeps you from holding your breath too long. What is the final step in this loop?
A. Messages are sent through the nervous system.
B. The muscles of the diaphragm relax and then contract again.
C. Dropping oxygen levels in the blood are detected.
D. The brain stem receives information and takes action.

9. On a hot day, which of the following is an outward sign that thermoregulation is taking place?
A. Sweating
B. Sunburn
C. Slow breathing
D. Dry mouth

10. How does the liver help to regulate glucose levels in the blood?
A. By producing insulin
B. By excreting excess water
C. By storing glucose
D. By releasing glucagon

11. Several organs must work together to produce vitamin D. If one organ is not working well, the body makes less of this vitamin. Which organ system would suffer most from a lack of vitamin D?
A. Skeletal
B. Circulatory
C. Integumentary
D. Endocrine

12. The body works to maintain homeostasis in response to what conditions?
A. Tissue and cell formation
B. Production of key vitamins
C. Cell differentiation and determination
D. Internal and external changes

13. When you hold your breath, sensors in the blood vessels detect lower oxygen levels. The brain stem receives the information and sends messages through the nervous and endocrine systems to the muscles of the diaphragm, forcing you to breathe. Which part of this feedback loop would be considered the control center?
A. The endocrine system
B. Muscles of the diaphragm
C. Oxygen in the blood
D. The brain stem

14. What two organ systems provide communication in thermoregulation?
A. Circulatory and integumentary
B. Integumentary and muscular
C. Nervous and endocrine
D. Respiratory and nervous

15. Chemical and nerve messages are used to allow each organ system to
A. coordinate with other organ systems.
B. coordinate with cellular production.
C. produce needed glucose levels.
D. decrease high glucose levels.

16. The lungs are composed of four types of tissues. Which phrase best describes the lungs?
A. A specialized cell
B. An organ
C. An organ system
D. An organism

17. Which type of tissue lines the stomach and the lungs?
A. Nervous
B. Connective
C. Muscle
D. Epithelial

18. Which of the following phrases describes an organ?
A. A collection of interacting sensors
B. Similar cells that function as one
C. Different tissues working together
D. Parts of a communication system

19. What happens to cells during determination?
A. They become stem cells and divide into zygotes.
B. They lose the potential to develop into any type of cell.
C. They develop specific structures and organelles.
D. They gain the ability to build entire organisms.

20. Homeostasis regulates the internal environment by
A. maintaining conditions within narrow ranges.
B. speeding up all chemical reactions.
C. producing a constant flow of enzymes.
D. altering the ranges that sustain life.

21. During childbirth, a woman’s body produces oxytocin, which causes the uterus to contract. To maintain the contractions, more oxytocin is produced until the baby is born. This is an example of
A. thermoregulation.
B. positive feedback.
C. cell death.
D. sensor failure.

22. What do the different shapes of the cells shown in Fig. 28.1 reflect?

A. They have different functions.
B. They lack basic cell parts.
C. They are becoming stem cells.
D. They are going through apoptosis.

23. The development of a whip-like tail on a sperm cell during differentiation is the result of
A. specific genes turning on and off in a pattern.
B. genetic information creating whole organisms.
C. involuntary movements of muscle.
D. programmed ce